Reply: Teaching Anorectal Malformations

Reply: Teaching Anorectal Malformations

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Dear Sir The long term outcomes of anorectal malfor-mations which include fecal incontinence, constipation , etc in both boys and girls is going to be covered in the Par...

Teaching Anorectal Malformations

I was following Dr. Sushmita Bhatnagar's tutorials.[1,2] It is conventional, although necessary to teach as a primary need. I feel teaching anorectal malformations should include write up on issues of continence and constipations as these are lifelong problems in these patients. Teaching anatomy and physiology of continence and various techniques to manage incontinence or constipations is of pr...

Anorectal malformations.

This article reviews the current status of anorectal malformations in the neonate. It begins by discussing the history, epidemiology, and embryology, followed by a discussion of the genetic process causing these diseases. Diagnosis and workup is then discussed, followed by specific details of the surgical treatment of these malformations. The article concludes with a brief review of the complic...

Anorectal Malformations (Part 1)

(This section is meant for residents to check their understanding regarding a particular topic) QUESTIONS 1. What are the various types of anorectal malformations (ARM)? 2. What is the pathophysiology of ARM? 3. What are the clinical features of newborn with anorectal malformation? 4. What are the radiological investigations required for diagnostic evaluation? 5. What are its associated anomalies?

Anorectal malformations in Africa.